In the 1970s, for the first time, reformers proposed bringing poverty to an end. Inspired by scientific progress, the promise of an international economy, and the revolutions in France and the United States, political thinkers such as Thomas Paine and Antoine-Nicolas Condorcet argues that all citizens could be protected against the hazards of economic insecurity. In An End to Poverty? Gareth Stedma Jones revisits this founding moment in the history of social democracy and examines how it was derailed by conservative as well as leftist thinkings.