This book explores the ways in which scientific ideas about sex differences in the later Middle Ages participated in the broader cultural assumptions about gender. Professor Cadden discusses how medieval natural philosophical theories and medical notions about reproduction and sexual impulses and experiences intersected with ideas about such matters as the social roles of men and women, the purpose of marriage, and the road to salvation. Grounded in history, feminist theory, and cultural studies, The Meanings of Sex Difference in the Middle Ages should appeal to a wide range of scholars and students.