This book concerns the great judicial controversies of the Progressive Era, in which some of the most brilliant Justices -- Holmes, Brandeis, Hughes, and so on -- grappled with economic and political issues of unprecedented importance. The book shows how the Supreme Court both shaped and reflected the momentous changes in American society of the first two decades in the 20th century and sets the Supreme Court in the midst of the political, economic, and social turmoil of one of the most important periods in American history.