Transorbital Intracranial Penetrating Injury: A Review of the Literature from a Neurosurgical Viewpo

1. Introduction. 2. Historical aspects regarding the transorbital intracranial penetrating injury (TIPI). 3. Defining the concept of TIPI. 4. Experimental research on cadavers. 5. The nature of the penetrating object. 6. Incidence. 7. Anatomical data. 8. Pathogenesis. 9. Clinical presentation and initial evaluation. 10. Physical examination. 11. Neuro-imaging. 12. Treatment. 13. Antibiotics. 14. Complications. 15. Aggression. 16. Accident. 17. Fall - injury. 18. TIPI caused by umbrella's. 19. TIPI caused by pencils, ball-point pens and slate pencils. 20. Suicide by TIPI. 21. Mortality and morbidity. 22. Medico-legal aspects, prevention. 23. Short series from the literature. 24. List of patients. 25. Literature. 26. Table of reprints. 27. Table of contents.