Anticancer drugs are utilized in the treatment of cancerous growth or malignancies. These drugs can be administered in isolation, or they can be given along with other treatments, like radiation therapy or surgery. The development of novel anticancer drugs is a lengthy process that includes acquiring new compounds, testing for antitumor activity, formulation and manufacturing, animal toxicology, and lastly assessing the compound's toxicity as well as antitumor activity in humans. There are various medications that are utilized as anticancer drugs, such as L-asparaginase, amsacrine, platinum-based drugs and hydroxyurea. Preclinical models such as cell line model systems may be especially useful in predicting anticancer drug response. It also helps to understand the mechanisms of drug action in situations when clinical samples are unavailable, or the cost of obtaining clinical samples for studying drug response is expensive. The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed anticancer drug development. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.