Optical fibre is used as a medium to transmit the light signals from one place to another. Optical fibre communication is a communication method wherein the signal is transmitted in the form of light. The fibre wires are preferred over the copper wires for transmitting signals because they offer numerous advantages over electrical cables. Fibre wires have a large transmission capacity and incur only small losses. Additionally, they are also low cost, lightweight, and free from interference. Some major components of optical fibre communications are photo detecting receivers, light signal transmitters, regenerators, optical amplifiers, and beam splitters. Optical fibres have several applications in different fields. However, they are specifically used in the telecommunications industry for internet communication, television signal transmission, and cable television signal transmission. Optical fibres are also used in CCTV surveillance cameras, hospitals, and traffic management systems. This book includes some of the vital pieces of works being conducted across the world, on various topics related to optical fibre communications. It will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.