Neuroimaging is a sub-field of medical imaging that focuses on the entire central nervous system (CNS) including the brain and the spinal cord. Neuroimaging studies help in describing how the brain functions and how diverse activities affect the brain. It is majorly used to diagnose diseases and monitor brain health. Some of the important neuroimaging techniques include electroencephalography (EEG), positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), computerized tomography (CT), magnetoencephalography (MEG), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and diffuse optical tomography (DOT). These techniques are essential tools in investigating nervous system diseases and disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, brain tumors, stroke, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, schizophrenia (SZ), and bipolar disorder (BP). Recent advancements in neuroimaging enable more accurate diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of neurological, neuropsychological and psychiatric disorders. This book brings forth some of the most recent developments and research in neuroimaging and elucidates the unexplored aspects of diagnosing brain diseases. It is a vital tool for individuals associated with neuroimaging of brain diseases.