Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Human Variation and a Coming Revolution in Biology and Medicine

SECTION I.- Chapter 1: Evolutionary Forces that Generate SNPs.- Chapter 2: Conserved SNPs: Providing Answers to Fundamental Questions in Human Biology.- Chapter 3: SNPs Classification and Terminology.- SECTION II.- Chapter 4: SNPs Ability to Influence Disease Risk.- Chapter 5: GWAS to Identify SNPs Associated with Common Diseases and Individual Risk.- SECTION III.- Chapter 6: A Case Study of Molecular Mechanisms by Which Non-Synonymous SNPs Alter Protein Structure and Function.- Chapter 7: A Case Study of Molecular Mechanisms by Which Synonymous SNPs Alter Protein Structure and Function.- SECTION IV.- Chapter 8: Using Genome-Wide Studies to Study Synonymous Codons.- Chapter 9: Bioinformatics Tools for Identification of SNPs.- Chapter 10: Bionformatic Tools for Predicting SNPs Effects on Gene Function and Phenotype.- Chapter 11: New Biophysical Techniques for Single mRNA Molecule Measurements.- Chapter 12: Emerging Mechanisms by Which Synonymous Mutations Affect Protein Folding, Protein Function and Physiological Changes.- SECTION V.- Chapter 13: SNPs and Personalized Medicine.- Chapter 14: Distribution of SNPs Associated with Personality Traits.- Chapter 15: Condon Optimization.