Plants are the sources of various medicinal compounds that are being used in clinics and also those in preclinical and at various stages of research. Ayruvedic plants are at the limelight of research due to their significant roles in the management of various diseases. In addition, several compounds that have novel biopharmaceutical functions are also being identified from them. In this book, description on the ethnobotanic and pharmaceutical potential of the Dasamoola (Ten roots) and Thriphala (Three fruits) plants of Ayurveda has been incorporated.