Polymer concretes and geopolymer composites incorporating nanomaterials represent significant advancements in construction materials. These nanocomposites offer superior properties such as enhanced strength, durability, chemical resistance, and reduced environmental impact compared to traditional materials. Integrating nanomaterials optimizes these composites' performance, making them suitable for demanding applications. As research progresses, the potential for polymer concrete and geopolymer composites with nanomaterials to transform the construction industry is immense, particularly in sustainability, resilience, and performance enhancement. This book provides a comprehensive review, covering nanomaterials, their role in improving mechanical, thermal, and durability properties, and their transformative effect on polymer concretes and geopolymer composites. It offers an in-depth understanding of these advanced materials' science, technology, and future prospects, making it a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and professionals focused on high-performance construction materials.