Lasers in Endodontic Innovation

Lasers have emerged as a valuable adjunct in endodontics, enhancing both the precision and efficacy of various procedures. The term LASER stands for "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation," and different types of lasers are employed in endodontics based on their wavelength, interaction with tissues, and clinical purpose. Commonly used lasers include Nd: YAG, Er: YAG, Er, Cr: YSGG, diode, and CO₂ lasers. In endodontic procedures, lasers are primarily used for disinfection, root canal cleaning and shaping, pulp capping, pulpotomy, and apicoectomy. The laser's ability to penetrate dentinal tubules enhances decontamination beyond what is achieved with conventional irrigation solutions like sodium hypochlorite or chlorhexidine. Laser-activated irrigation (LAI), especially using photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS), is a modern technique that increases the agitation of irrigants and improves their penetration into complex root canal anatomies. While lasers are not a complete replacement for conventional endodontic tools, they significantly enhance outcomes when integrated into a well-planned treatment protocol.