The Decipherment of Minoan Linear A, Volume I, Part IV: Hurrians and Hurrian in Minoan Crete: Indic

THE DECIPHERMENT OF MINOAN LINEAR A - VOLUME I - PART IV It is significant that at least three toponyms can be recognized in the Messara-valley that have a Hurrian origin. The oldest is Linear A pa-i-to (HT 97a.3; HT 120.6). It is a genuine Hurrian toponym meaning 'He/She (a God/the King) has built (the palace)' and it is equivalent to Old Hurrian ba-'à-ás-to/um in the Tis-atal inscription, analysed and normalised as pa=ast=o=m, and translated as 'He (Tis-atal) has built (a temple)', cf. Th. Richter (BGH, 285-286), s.v. pa-, paḫ- II [passim] 'to build', pa('/h)-, cf. G. Wilhelm, 1988b, 55. The following phases of phonetic development are likely: ba-'à-ás-to/um = pa('/h)=ast=o=m > pa=j=ast=o=m > pa=j=(a)st=o=m > pa=j=st=o=m (wr. pa-i-to in Linear A). Transitional glide -j- (-i- in Linear A pa-i-to) distinguished -a- of the root pa- from the -a- of root-extension -ast- and eventually the -a- of -ast- disappeared as a result of syncope. For Linear B pa-i-to (KN Da 1163+1400, al.) the Old Hurrian ending in =o=m had to be changed into a Hellenized form in -oς (-os): Φαιστός (Phaistos). The ancient name of the palace of Hagia Triada, ka-pa (frequent in Linear A, but only at Hagia Triada), was the first Hurrian toponym detected in Linear A and interpreted as Ḫalba, Hurrian name of Aleppo (Ḫalab in Semitic) with the Linear A ethnic ka-pa-qe (HT 6a.4-5) = syllabic cuneiform Ḫalbaḫe = alphabetic cuneiform Ḫlbġ 'Man of Ḫalba', 'Man of Aleppo' (Hurrian ethnic suffix -ḫe). Toponym ka-pa and ethnic ka-pa-jo (with Greek ethnic suffix -yoς) were already known from the Linear B tablets from Knossos. Linear A ku-mi (HT 110a.1) may well be the Minoan-Hurrian toponym Kummi, present Kommos, the Minoan harbour of Phaistos and Hagia Triada on the south coast of Crete, recently excavated by the Canadian G. Cadogan and his team. Cretan Kummi is probably derived from the name of the city of Kumma/e/i or Kummiya in Anatolia, derived from Hurrian kum- 'to build / erect / pile up'. If this identification is correct, it is after ka-pa = Ḫalba (present Hagia Triada) the second Cretan site named after a famous predominantly Hurrian city in the Near East.