Myth and science: An essay is a philosophical exploration of the intellectual forces that shape human understanding, focusing on how mythical consciousness arises alongside scientific reasoning. The book considers myth not as a primitive error but as a necessary psychological function deeply rooted in the structure of the mind. It proposes that myth and science represent different yet interconnected responses to the human impulse to interpret the unknown. Vignoli presents myth as a symbolic projection of internal perceptions onto the external world, generated from emotional and instinctual reactions to natural forces and life experiences. He challenges the notion that myths are outdated illusions, instead asserting that they form a continuous undercurrent within the evolution of knowledge. Science, by contrast, is examined as an objective method striving to systematize and correct the instinctual conclusions that myths draw. Through selective discussion, Vignoli introduces the idea that both myth and science stem from the same mental capacities and that understanding myth is crucial to understanding the roots of human cognition. The essay establishes the groundwork for reevaluating mythology as a crucial cognitive artifact, tightly woven into the broader history of human development.