Washington Firearm Rules: A Guide For Beginners To Gun Legalities And Responsibilities

Washington State has specific laws governing firearms, which are shaped by both state legislation and federal regulations. Here's an introduction to some key aspects of Washington's gun laws:
1. Constitutional Right to Bear Arms: Washington State's Constitution affirms the right of citizens to keep and bear arms, aligning with the Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. However, this right is not absolute and is subject to regulation.
2. Gun Ownership:
- Age Requirement: To legally own a firearm in Washington, a person must be at least 18 years old for rifles and shotguns, and 21 years old for handguns.
- Background Checks: Background checks are required for all firearm purchases, whether from licensed dealers or private individuals (the latter is part of Washington's "universal background check" law passed in 2014).
- Waiting Period: There is a mandatory 10-day waiting period for handgun purchases, which allows time for background checks and mental health evaluations.
3. Firearm Possession Restrictions:
- Felony Convictions: Individuals convicted of a felony are prohibited from possessing firearms. If convicted of a serious offense such as domestic violence, a person may also lose the right to possess firearms.
- Mental Health: Individuals involuntarily committed for mental health reasons may be prohibited from owning firearms.
- Domestic Violence: Anyone convicted of domestic violence offenses or subject to a protection order may be restricted from possessing firearms.
4. Concealed Carry:
- Concealed Pistol License (CPL): Washington allows the concealed carry of handguns with a valid Concealed Pistol License (CPL). To obtain one, a person must be at least 21 years old, a U.S. citizen or legal resident, and pass a background check.
- Reciprocity: Washington honors concealed carry permits issued by other states, but only those that meet specific requirements.
5. Open Carry:
- Open Carry: It is legal to openly carry firearms in Washington in most public places, provided the carrier is not prohibited from owning a firearm. However, there are restrictions on carrying firearms in certain locations like schools, government buildings, and private property where guns are prohibited.
6. Assault Weapons Ban: Washington has an assault weapons ban, which restricts the sale, possession, and manufacture of certain semi-automatic rifles and other firearms defined as assault weapons. The state defines an assault weapon by specific characteristics such as a detachable magazine or a pistol grip.
7. Gun Safety Laws:
- Safe Storage: Washington law requires gun owners to safely store firearms to prevent access by unauthorized individuals, especially minors.
- Reporting Lost or Stolen Guns: Firearms owners must report any lost or stolen firearms to local law enforcement within five days of discovering the loss.
8. Gun-Free Zones: Certain locations, such as schools, daycare centers, federal buildings, and some private property, are designated as gun-free zones. Carrying a firearm in these zones can result in criminal charges.
9. Firearm Transfers: Washington requires a background check for all gun sales, including private transactions, through licensed dealers. The state has implemented measures aimed at reducing "straw purchasing" (where one person buys a gun for someone who is prohibited from doing so).
These laws continue to evolve, and some new proposals seek to tighten regulations around firearm ownership, such as banning certain types of weapons, imposing limits on magazine capacities, and expanding restrictions on who can possess a firearm. It's important for gun owners and potential buyers in Washington to stay updated on both state and loca