CIPROFLOXACIN ANTIBIOTICS: Ciprofloxacin remains a cornerstone antibiotic in modern clinical practice due to its broad-spectrum activity, favorable pharmacokinetics, and versatility in treating a wide array of bacterial infections. Its potent efficacy against many Gram-negative pathogens, including difficult-to-treat organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae, has made it invaluable in both community and hospital settings. Furthermore, its role in managing severe infections like anthrax underscores its strategic importance in biodefense. However, the clinical utility of ciprofloxacin is increasingly challenged by the emergence and global spread of bacterial resistance mechanisms, including target site mutations, efflux pumps, and plasmid-mediated resistance. These trends necessitate prudent antibiotic stewardship to preserve its effectiveness. The drug's safety profile, while generally favorable, demands cautious use, especially given the risk of serious adverse effects such as tendon rupture and QT prolongation.