Mystics and Diplomats: The Role of Sufism in North Africa and Iran's Strategic Engagement

This book examines the rich history of Sufism in North Africa and its evolving role in regional politics and Iran's foreign policy. Historically, Sufi orders were pivotal in shaping the political and social life of North Africa, from their involvement in anti-colonial movements to their influence as spiritual and social leaders. However, with the rise of nationalist governments and the increasing centralization of power in the mid-20th century, the political influence of Sufi orders began to decline. Nationalist leaders, influenced by secular ideologies, sought to limit the power of religious institutions, often viewing Sufi orders as potential rivals to state authority. Despite this decline, Sufi orders have remained culturally and spiritually significant, adapting to new political realities while continuing to serve as key pillars of religious life in the region. The book also explores Iran's strategic engagement with these Sufi communities as part of its broader foreign policy objectives, using religious diplomacy to strengthen its influence in North Africa.